CommonCarriage

organic bed linen

2006-10-29T13:10:00.000-08:00

Livs range of soft luxurious bed linenis sourced ethically from India and using a fair trade policy. Liv also provide duvet cover set and bath towel set.

Feltre

2005-04-04T16:56:00.000-07:00

Latin Feltria, hill town, Belluno provincia, Veneto regione, northern Italy. Grouped around Alboino Castle, notable buildings include the cathedral, with a 14th-century campanile and a carved Byzantine cross of the 6th century, and the civic museum. In 1509 the heart of the town was destroyed during hostilities between the League of Cambrai and the Venetian Republic; it has been largely

çanak, Treaty Of

2005-04-03T07:49:00.000-07:00

Implicitly directed

Ars Antiqua

2005-04-01T00:49:00.000-08:00

(Medieval Latin: “Ancient Art”), in music history, period of musical activity in 13th-century France, characterized by increasingly sophisticated counterpoint (the art of combining simultaneous voice parts), that culminated in the innovations of the 14th-century Ars Nova (q.v.). The term Ars Antiqua originated, in fact, with the Ars Nova theorists, some of whom spoke of the “Ancient

Azerbaijan, Industry

2005-03-29T17:59:00.000-08:00

Azerbaijan has a diversified industrial base, with the leading branches of heavy industry—power, manufacturing, and chemical production—predominating. Branches of the processing industry, producing mineral fertilizers, gasoline, kerosene, herbicides, industrial oils, synthetic rubber, and plastics, have developed, and Sumqayit has emerged as the major centre

Jordan, Biblical associations

2005-03-27T22:57:00.000-08:00

Biblical accounts of the area, dating from the Middle Bronze Age onward, mention kingdoms such as Gilead in the north, Moab in central Jordan, and Midian in the south. At the time of the Exodus, the Israelites tried to pass through Edom in southern Jordan but were refused permission. They were at first repelled by the Amorites, whom they later defeated. The Israelite tribes

Olmedo, José Joaquín

2005-03-26T14:48:00.000-08:00

Poet and statesman whose odes commemorating South America's achievement of independence from Spain captured the revolutionary spirit of his time and inspired a generation of Romantic poets and patriots. They have remained monuments to the heroic figures of the liberation movement in South

Wazyk, Adam

2005-03-24T17:08:00.000-08:00

Wazyk's earliest volumes of poetry, Semafory (1924; “Semaphores”) and Oczy i usta (1926; “Eyes and Lips”), were written between the ages of 17 and 20 and reflect the instability of life in Poland after World War I and

Biblical Literature, The patriarchal narratives

2005-03-22T18:01:00.000-08:00

The universal primal history of man in the first 11 chapters of Genesis is followed by an account of the fathers of the Hebrew people; i.e., of the origins of a particular group. From a literary point of view, this portion may be divided into the sagas of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and the story of Joseph. Although these narratives are not historical in the ordinary sense, they

Turfan

2005-03-20T15:04:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Wade-Giles) T'u-lu-p'an, or (Pinyin) Turpan, city in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. It lies about 95 miles (150 km) southeast of the city of Urumchi (Wu-lu-mu-ch'i) in a mountain basin between the Po-ko-ta Mountains (an eastern extension of the Tien Shan) and the K'u-lu-k'o-t'a-ko range, on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. It has long been the centre of a fertile oasis and an important trade centre on the main

Paeonius

2005-03-19T16:42:00.000-08:00

Paeonius is famous for his statue of the Nike, or “Winged Victory” (c. 420 BC; Archaeological Museum, Olympia), which was found in Olympia in 1875. An inscription on its pedestal states that the statue commemorated a victory of the Messenians and the Naupactians over an unnamed enemy,

Aram, Eugene

2005-03-18T21:23:00.000-08:00

In 1745, when Aram was schoolmaster at Knaresborough, a man named Daniel Clark, his intimate friend, after obtaining a considerable quantity of goods from tradesmen, disappeared.

Steeple Cup

2005-03-17T02:11:00.000-08:00

Tall standing cup, the cover of which characteristically bears an obelisk finial (sometimes surmounted by a figure) that rises on scrolled brackets from the cover. With an egg-shaped or globular bowl and cover, a short baluster stem, and a tall, trumpet-shaped foot, these cups seem to have emerged only in England and for a short period between about 1590 and the 1630s. They were usually

Stagnelius, Erik Johan

2005-03-16T10:32:00.000-08:00

Both his works

Extinguisher Moss

2005-03-14T01:13:00.000-08:00

Any of the plants of the genus Encalypta (order Bryales), which form large tufts on limestone rocks, ledges, and walls. About eight species are native to North America. They are usually 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 inches) tall, with erect capsules (spore cases) borne on setae (stalks) about 5 to 10 mm (0.2 to 0.4 inches) long. The calyptra (hoodlike covering) of each capsule resembles a candle snuffer, or extinguisher,

Parameters, Variation Of

2005-03-13T18:38:00.000-08:00

To illustrate the method, suppose it is desired to find a particular solution of the equation y² + p

Ziguinchor

2005-03-12T19:17:00.000-08:00

River-port town, southwestern Senegal, lying along the Casamance River. Ziguinchor has long been known and visited by European mariners. In 1457 the Venetian navigator Alvise Ca' da Mosto (Cadamosto), envoy of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, reconnoitred the harbour. In 1886 the Portuguese ceded Ziguinchor to the French. The town's industries include a peanut- (groundnut-)

Cram, Ralph Adams

2005-03-12T15:01:00.000-08:00

Inspired by the influential English critic John Ruskin, Cram became an ardent advocate of and authority on English and French Gothic styles. In 1888 he opened an architectural firm in Boston, where he became associated with B.G. Goodhue and later with F.W.

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2005-03-10T10:17:00.000-08:00

If taken when young, the grizzly can be tamed quite easily and is not uncommon in circus acts. Unfortunately, man has come to picture the bear as being quite tame and harmless, with the result that the bear is viewed without the respect that this potentially dangerous creature deserves. The grizzly is the most dangerous of the bears to man, of the most interest economically

Indigirka River

2005-03-09T02:33:00.000-08:00

River, Sakha republic (Yakutia), far eastern Russia. It is one of the major rivers of northeastern Siberia. The Indigirka rises in the Verkhoyansk Mountains and flows 1,072 miles (1,726 km) north through the Chersky Range into the broad Indigirka lowland, most of which is in tundra vegetation, to enter the East Siberian Sea through an extensive delta. Its two main tributaries are

Insurance, FPA clause

2005-03-08T14:03:00.000-08:00

The FPA, or “free of particular average,” clause excludes from coverage partial losses to the cargo or to the hull except those resulting from stranding, sinking, burning, or collision. Under its provisions, losses below a given percentage of value, say 10 percent, are excluded. In this way the insurer does not pay for relatively small losses to cargo. The percentage deductible

'ud

2005-03-08T13:16:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Oud, stringed musical instrument prominent in medieval and modern Islamic music. It was the parent of the European lute. The 'ud has a deep, pear-shaped body; a fretless fingerboard; and a relatively shorter neck and somewhat less acutely bent-back pegbox than the European lute. The tuning pegs are set in the sides of the pegbox. The gut strings, plucked with a plectrum, are fastened

Mufti, Sa'id Al-

2005-03-07T14:40:00.000-08:00

In 1924 al-Mufti entered local government service in Amman, where he vigorously opposed British rule. He joined the governing cabinet of Transjordan (later Jordan) as minister of communications

Writers' Union Of The U.s.s.r.

2005-03-05T17:51:00.000-08:00

Russian Soyuz Pisateley S.s.r., organization formed in 1932 by a decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that abolished existing literary organizations and absorbed all professional Soviet writers into one large union. The union supported Communist Party policies and was the defender and interpreter of the single Soviet literary method, Socialist Realism.

Baku Rug

2005-03-04T15:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Chilia Rug, handwoven floor covering made near Baku in the eastern Caucasus. It is a variety of Dagestan rug in modified Persian design, the ground pattern usually bearing rows of the pear or leaf forms of the Seraband rugs but larger in scale and more geometric and complex in form. Stepped medallions and stepped cornerpieces may show a toothed outline, resembling the corners

Payroll Tax

2005-03-03T11:35:00.000-08:00

Taxes on payrolls are seldom used as a source of general revenues, although in some developing countries the income tax base may actually include little beyond wages and salaries, the equivalent of the payroll

Mauna Kea Observatory

2005-03-02T07:06:00.000-08:00

The observatory was founded in 1964 at the urging

Maurice

2005-03-01T15:04:00.000-08:00

In full Maurice, Prince Of Orange, Count Of Nassau, Dutch Maurits, Prins Van Oranje, Graaf Van Nassau hereditary stadholder (1585–1625) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic, successor to his father, William I the Silent. His development of military strategy, tactics, and engineering made the Dutch army the most modern in the Europe of his time.

Fiduciary

2005-03-01T07:19:00.000-08:00

In law, a person who occupies a position of such power and confidence with regard to the property of another that the law requires him to act solely in the interest of the person whom he represents. Examples of fiduciaries are agents, executors and administrators, trustees, guardians, and officers of corporations. They may be contrasted with persons in an ordinary

Australian Antarctic Territory

2005-02-27T05:39:00.000-08:00

External territory claimed by Australia and located in Antarctica. See Australian External Territories.

Arad

2005-02-26T06:20:00.000-08:00

The site became a Roman outpost south of the river at Aradu Nou (“New Arad”). The first documented mention of Arad dates from 1156. Arad was in Turkish hands, with brief

Biblical Literature, Manuscripts and printed editions of the Septuagint

2005-02-25T16:40:00.000-08:00

The manuscripts are conveniently classified by papyri uncials (capital letters) and minuscules (cursive script). The papyri fragments run into the hundreds, of varying sizes and importance, ranging from the formative period of the Septuagint through the middle of the 7th century. Two pre-Christian fragments of Deuteronomy from Egypt are of outstanding significance.

Silky Oak

2005-02-25T06:06:00.000-08:00

In Australia it is cut for timber, but elsewhere it is valued for its graceful, feathery foliage and orange flower clusters at the ends of leafless branches.

Mu Gia Pass

2005-02-23T14:59:00.000-08:00

Vietnamese Deo Mugia, mountain pass in the Annamese Cordillera (Chaîne Annamitique) between northern Vietnam and Laos, 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Dong Hoi, Vietnam. The pass lies 1,371 feet (418 m) above sea level and carries the road from Tan Ap in Vietnam to Muang Khammouan (formerly called Thakhek) in Laos, on the Mekong River. The strategic pass was the principal point of entry of the Ho Chi Minh Trail access

Vrije Volk, Het

2005-02-22T05:07:00.000-08:00

(Dutch: “The Free People”), Socialist evening daily newspaper published in 30 regional editions in Rotterdam and outlying locations, one of the largest and most influential dailies in The Netherlands. It was established in 1900 as Het Volk (“The People”), the official organ of the Socialist Democratic Labour Party. During the German occupation of The Netherlands in World War

Bald Cypress

2005-02-21T06:35:00.000-08:00

A young bald cypress is symmetrical and pyramidal;

Quilmes

2005-02-21T00:40:00.000-08:00

Cabecera (principal built-up area) and partido (political subdivision), of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, southeast of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, near the Río de la Plata estuary. Colonization of the area began with the second and permanent founding of Buenos Aires (1580). In 1666 Jose Martinez de Salazar (governor of Río de la Plata) established the

Kiderlen-wächter, Alfred Von

2005-02-20T08:20:00.000-08:00

After service in the Franco-German War (1870–71), Kiderlen studied law and entered the Prussian diplomatic service (1879). He was an exponent of the tough-minded post-Bismarckian German diplomacy and for a time enjoyed

Böhtlingk, Otto Von

2005-02-19T23:13:00.000-08:00

While completing his education at the University of Bonn (1839–42), Böhtlingk published a two-volume edition (1839–40) of the earliest known grammar, that of

Antarctica, The surrounding seas

2005-02-17T13:04:00.000-08:00

The seas around Antarctica have often been likened to the moat around a fortress. The turbulent “Roaring Forties” and “Furious Fifties” lie in a circumpolar storm track and a westerly oceanic current zone commonly called the West Wind Drift, or Circumpolar Current. The three major oceans, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian, are bounded on the south by Antarctic shores. Warm,

Hackney

2005-02-17T11:14:00.000-08:00

Inner borough of London, in the historic county of Middlesex. It lies north of the City of London and Tower Hamlets, and its eastern boundary is the River Lea. It was created a borough in 1965 by the amalgamation of the former metropolitan boroughs of Shoreditch, Hackney, and Stoke Newington. Hackney includes areas and historic villages such as (from north to south) Stoke Newington,

Sevareid, Eric

2005-02-16T04:28:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the University of Minnesota (1935), Sevareid worked as a reporter for the Minneapolis Journal (1936–37), which had

Clanvowe, Sir Thomas

2005-02-15T06:21:00.000-08:00

English courtier and poet, the reputed author of The Cuckoo and the Nightingale, a poetic debate about love, long attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer. The poem is a traditional dialogue between the two birds on the power of love, with delicate and attractive descriptions of spring, and a verse style that, though faulty at times, is Chaucerian in inspiration. The Cuckoo and

Chandos (of Sudeley), John Brydges, 1st Baron

2005-02-13T15:37:00.000-08:00

Brydges was descended from Sir John Chandos, a famous medieval knight, and served in the French wars of Henry VIII. He was knighted in 1513. During Queen Mary I's reign he was lieutenant of the Tower of London (1553–54) and, having helped in the suppression of Sir Thomas Wyat's rebellion, was created

Alcántara, Order Of

2005-02-13T00:49:00.000-08:00

Major military and religious order in Spain. It was founded in 1156 or 1166 by Don Suero Fernández Barrientos and was recognized in 1177 by Pope Alexander III in a special papal bull. Its purpose was to defend Christian Spain against the Moors. In 1218 King Alfonso IX of Leon gave to the order the town of Alcántara, and during the next two centuries its knights defended the southern borders

Qurayyat, Al-

2005-02-11T21:07:00.000-08:00

Mintaqah (province), western Northern region, northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is bordered by the manatiq (provinces) of al-Hudud ash-Shamaliyah to the northeast, al-Jawf to the east, and Tabuk to the south, and by Jordan on the north. Al-Qurayyat fronts the Gulf of Aqaba on the west. The mintaqah is mostly upland plateau with rock and gravel and is covered with grass and shrub that are used

Cabasilas, Nilus

2005-02-10T19:19:00.000-08:00

Cabasilas' principal

Thomas, Audrey

2005-02-10T11:04:00.000-08:00

Thomas graduated from Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1957 and settled in Canada in 1959. After receiving an M.A. from the University of British Columbia in 1963, she lived in Ghana from 1964 to 1966 and then returned to British Columbia, where she divided

Kuala Terengganu

2005-02-09T06:04:00.000-08:00

Formerly Kuala Trengganu, town, northeastern West Malaysia (Malaya), at the mouth of the Sungai (River) Terengganu, on the South China Sea. A sprawling town with wooden houses set on stilts amid trees, it is a collecting centre for the agricultural products of the river's delta. It is also a port engaged in coastwise trade, with extensive road facilities and an airport at Seberang; and it is the residence

Duralumin

2005-02-08T06:03:00.000-08:00

Strong, hard, lightweight alloy of aluminum, widely used in aircraft construction, discovered and patented in 1910 by Alfred Wilm, a German metallurgist; it was originally made only at Düren in Germany. The original composition has been varied for particular applications; it may contain about 3 or 4 percent copper, 1/2 to 1 percent manganese, 1/2 to 1 1/2 percent magnesium, and, in some formulations,

Lut Desert

2005-02-07T09:49:00.000-08:00

Persian Dasht-e Lut, also spelled Dasht-i Lut, desert in eastern Iran. It stretches about 200 miles (320 km) from northwest to southeast and is about 100 miles wide. In the east a great massif of dunes and sand rises, while in the west an extensive area of high ridges is separated by wind-swept corridors. In its lowest, salt-filled depression—less than 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level—the summer heat and low humidity are believed to be unsurpassed

Pacific Ocean, Tides

2005-02-06T18:10:00.000-08:00

In contrast to the tides of the Atlantic—which are almost always semi-diurnal (i.e., twice-daily) occurrences—those of the Pacific include many instances of diurnal (daily) and mixed tides. In the diurnal type of tidal oscillation, only a single high water and a single low water occur each tidal day (which lasts for about 24 hours and 50 minutes). Tides of this type occur in the Gulfs

Metamorphic Rock

2005-02-05T08:46:00.000-08:00

The word metamorphism is taken

Display Behaviour

2005-02-03T22:00:00.000-08:00

Ritualized behaviour by which an animal provides specific information to others, usually members of its own species. Virtually all higher animals use displays to some extent. The best-known displays are visual ones—and some biologists restrict the term display to visual signals or gestures—but many also incorporate sound, smell, or even touch. Displays evolve

Amphibole

2005-02-02T18:38:00.000-08:00

The complex chemical composition of members of the amphibole group can be expressed by the general formula A0–1B2C5T8O22(OH, F, Cl)2, where A = Na, K; B = Na, Li, Ca, Mn, Fe2+, Mg; C = Mg, Fe2+, Mn, Al, Fe3+, Ti; and T = Si, Al. Nearly complete substitution may take place between sodium and calcium and among magnesium, ferrous iron, and manganese (Mn). There is limited substitution between ferric iron and aluminum

Aubusson, Pierre D'

2005-02-02T07:40:00.000-08:00

The son of French nobility, Aubusson joined the Knights of St. John c. 1453. The Knights, with their headquarters at Rhodes, held the island as a bar to Ottoman expansion in the Aegean. Aubusson became grand master of the order

Hardoi

2005-02-01T15:38:00.000-08:00

The surrounding area is a level plain bordered (south) by the Ganges River and drained by its tributaries.

Upasampada

2005-01-30T18:44:00.000-08:00

A candidate for ordination must be at least 20 years old, have the permission of his parents, be exempt from military service, be free from debt and from contagious

Maya Languages

2005-01-30T15:30:00.000-08:00

The family may be subdivided into the Huastec, Yucatec, Western Maya, and Eastern Maya groups. The most important Eastern Maya languages are Quiché and Cakchiquel; but there are also Mam, Teco,

Harding, John, Baron Harding Of Petherton

2005-01-28T20:18:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Ilminster Grammar School (1912), Harding joined the Territorial Army as a part-time reservist. Called to the regular army at the beginning of World War I, he commanded a machine-gun battalion

Epidermis

2005-01-28T19:26:00.000-08:00

In zoology, protective outermost portion of the skin. There are two layers of epidermis, the living basal layer, which is next to the dermis, and the external stratum corneum, or horny layer, which is composed of dead, keratin-filled cells that have migrated outward from the basal layer. The melanocytes, responsible for skin colour, are found in the basal cells. The epidermis

Jack

2005-01-26T18:10:00.000-08:00

Any of numerous species of fishes belonging to the family Carangidae (order Perciformes). The name jack is also applied collectively to the family. Representatives can be found in temperate and tropical portions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans and occasionally in fresh or brackish water. Although body size and shape vary greatly among jacks, many of the

Joule's Law

2005-01-26T11:59:00.000-08:00

In electricity, mathematical description of the rate at which resistance in a circuit converts electric energy into heat energy. The English physicist James Prescott Joule discovered in 1840 that the amount of heat per second that develops in a wire carrying a current is proportional to the electrical resistance of the wire and the square of the current. He determined

Stained Glass

2005-01-25T02:51:00.000-08:00

In the arts, the coloured glass used for making decorative windows and other objects through which light passes. Strictly speaking, all coloured glass is “stained,” or coloured by the addition of various metallic oxides while it is in a molten state; nevertheless, the term stained glass has come to refer primarily to the glass employed in making ornamental or pictorial

Qadi

2005-01-24T14:55:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Cadi, or Kadi, Arabic Qadi, a Muslim judge who renders decisions according to the Shari'ah, the canon law of Islam. The qadi hears only religious cases such as those involving inheritance, pious bequests (waqf), marriage, and divorce, though theoretically his jurisdiction extends to both civil and criminal matters. Originally, the qadi's work was restricted to nonadministrative tasks—arbitrating

Roussillon

2005-01-22T22:24:00.000-08:00

Ruscino (near Perpignan) was settled by a people with markedly Iberian affinities from the 7th century BC to the latter part of the 3rd, when it came under the control of

Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway

2005-01-22T18:30:00.000-08:00

Shipping route paralleling the eastern coast of the United States, serving ports from Boston to Key West, Fla. It is part of the Intracoastal Waterway (q.v.).

Sentimental Comedy

2005-01-21T21:02:00.000-08:00

A dramatic genre of the 18th century, denoting plays in which middle-class protagonists triumphantly overcome a series of moral trials. Such comedy aimed at producing tears rather than laughter. Sentimental comedies reflected contemporary philosophical conceptions of humans as inherently good but capable of being led astray through bad example. By an appeal

Andrada E Silva, José Bonifácio De

2005-01-20T20:50:00.000-08:00

Andrada went to Portugal as a student and became a distinguished scholar there, earning an international reputation as a naturalist and geologist. He remained in Portugal until

Venetian Needle Lace

2005-01-18T21:56:00.000-08:00

French Point De Venise, Venetian lace made with a needle from the 16th to the 19th century. Early examples were deep, acute-angled points, each worked separately and linked together by a narrow band, or “footing,” stitched with buttonholing. These points were used in ruffs and collars in the 16th and 17th centuries and, from their presence in portraits by Anthony Van Dyck, are known as “vandykes.” Geometrical

Sublime Porte

2005-01-18T10:03:00.000-08:00

Also called Porte, the government of the Ottoman Empire. The name is a French translation of Turkish Bâbiâli (“High Gate,” or “Gate of the Eminent”). which was the official name of the gate giving access to the block of buildings in Constantinople, or Istanbul, that housed the principal state departments. Early in the history of the Ottoman Empire, the grand viziers became powerful, but only in

France, History Of, Opportunist control

2005-01-16T21:37:00.000-08:00

Between 1879 and 1899 the Opportunists, with only brief interruptions, controlled the machinery of government. Gambetta, their most dynamic leader, had begun his career as an outspoken Radical, but in time his political instincts had prevailed. The other Opportunist leaders—men such as President Grévy and Jules Ferry—disliked Gambetta's flamboyance, however, and feared

Stefan Duan

2005-01-15T05:22:00.000-08:00

King of Serbia (1331–46) and “Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks” (1346–55), the greatest ruler of medieval Serbia, who promoted his nation's influence and gave his people a new code of laws.

North Africa, History Of, Geography and prehistory

2005-01-15T04:55:00.000-08:00

North Africa as here used means the area of present-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. In ancient times the Greeks used the word Libya, derived from the name of a tribe on the Gulf of Sidra, to describe the land north of the Sahara, the territory whose native peoples were subjects of Carthage, and also as a name for the whole continent. The Romans applied the name Africa

Christian Caste

2005-01-14T08:31:00.000-08:00

In India, the social stratification that persists among Christians, based upon caste membership at the time of an individual's own or of an ancestor's conversion. Indian Christian society is divided into groups geographically and according to denomination, but the overriding factor is one of caste. Caste groups may dine together and worship together, but, as a rule,

Arabia, History Of, Ghassan

2005-01-13T21:22:00.000-08:00

The dynasty of the Ghassanids, though often called kings, were in fact Byzantine phylarchs (native rulers of subject frontier states). They had their headquarters well within the Byzantine Empire, a little east of the Sea of Galilee at Jabiyah in the Jawlan (Golan) area; but they controlled large areas of northwestern Arabia, as far south as Yathrib, serving as a counterpoise

Frederick I

2005-01-12T11:56:00.000-08:00

The younger son of Christian I, king of Denmark and Norway, Frederick divided the duchies of Schleswig (now in Germany and Denmark) and Holstein

Dye-transfer Process

2005-01-10T21:12:00.000-08:00

In photography, technique for preparing coloured photographic prints in which the colours of the subject are resolved by optical filters into three components, each of which is recorded on a separate gelatin negative. The three negatives are converted into relief positives in which the depth of the gelatin is related to the intensity of the colour component;

Biblical Literature, Wanderings in the desert of Paran

2005-01-09T02:54:00.000-08:00

This section apparently combines various traditions of how the Israelites came into Palestine, and J, E (or JE), and P sources have been discerned in these chapters. The traditional “40 years” in the wilderness (38 or 39, according to critical calculations) were spent mostly in the wilderness of Paran, with a short stay in the oasis of Kadesh, according to P; while, according to J, they

Polar Coordinates

2005-01-08T15:00:00.000-08:00

System of locating points in a plane with reference to a fixed point (origin) and an axis through that point. The coordinates are written (r,q), in which r is the distance from the origin to any desired point and q is the angle made by the vector r and the axis. A simple relationship exists between Cartesian coordinates given in terms of two reference axes (x,y) and the polar coordinates

Joint

2005-01-08T08:38:00.000-08:00

The nerve and blood supply of synovial joints follows the general rule for the body: Ubi nervus ibi arteria—“Where there is a nerve there also is an artery.” Hence the nerve supply will be described first.

Tachylyte

2005-01-06T20:51:00.000-08:00

Also spelled tachylite glassy igneous rocks low in silica, such as basalt or diabase. Tachylytes are black with a pitchlike or resinous lustre; in thin sections they are characteristically brown and translucent, and the glass is crowded with granules of magnetite. Tachylytes are found only under conditions that imply rapid cooling, and they are much less common than are the corresponding

Fagaras

2005-01-06T04:19:00.000-08:00

Hungarian Fogaras, town, Brasov judet (county), central Romania. It lies north of the Fagaras Mountains, a range of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), on the Olt River. First mentioned in documents in 1291, Fagaras became a military centre during the Middle Ages. The Fagaras Castle, built during the 15th century and now restored to its original form, is one of the outstanding examples of medieval

Yi

2005-01-04T21:17:00.000-08:00

Also called Lolo, or Wu-man, ethnic group of Austroasiatic origin living largely in the mountains of southwest China and speaking a Tibeto-Burman language; the term is used by the Chinese to designate what they formerly called the Lolo or Wu-man. The Yi people numbered about 5.9 million in the late 20th century. Their principal concentrations were in Yunnan and Szechwan provinces, with smaller numbers

Switzerland

2005-01-04T16:46:00.000-08:00

The history of Switzerland, a complex series of events, provides the background for an understanding of the country's present-day cultural differences. Because of its central location in western Europe and pass routes through the Alps, which linked French and German lands with the Italian peninsula, Switzerland was coveted by surrounding powers. Swiss history,

Contract, Civil law

2005-01-01T09:06:00.000-08:00

On the Continent, the revived study of classical Roman law had an immense influence upon the developing law of contract. It stimulated the rediscovery or construction of a general law concerning the validity of agreements. The Roman law, however, as crystallized in Justinian's law books, tended to confirm the notion that something more than an informal expression

Bou Saâda

2004-12-30T03:04:00.000-08:00

Town, north-central Algeria. It is located between el-Hodna Depression (a salt lake) and the mountains of the Saharan Atlas. Although north of the Sahara, Bou Saâda is a true oasis, spread along the left bank of the Bou Saâda Wadi and standing in pleasant contrast to the nearby barren Ouled Naïl Mountains and the often dry salt marsh. The town's old walled quarter (ksar) of arched,

Baseball

2004-12-29T11:24:00.000-08:00

The New York Yankees solidified their position as baseball's most successful franchise and swept the Atlanta Braves in four games to repeat as World Series champions. The Yankees, who had won the 1998 World Series in a four-game sweep of the San Diego Padres, opened the 1999 series by defeating the Braves 4–1 before 51,342 spectators in Atlanta, Ga., on October 23. Chipper Jones, later named

Havana

2004-12-27T11:19:00.000-08:00

Canaan

2004-12-25T19:31:00.000-08:00

Area variously defined in historical and biblical literature, but always centred on Palestine. Its original pre-Israelite inhabitants were called Canaanites. The names Canaan and Canaanite occur in cuneiform, Egyptian, and Phoenician writings from about the 15th century BC as well as in the Old Testament. In these sources, “Canaan” refers sometimes to an area encompassing

Iqbal, Sir Muhammad

2004-12-22T11:14:00.000-08:00

Indian poet and philosopher, known for his influential efforts to direct his fellow Muslims toward the establishment of a separate Muslim state, an aspiration that was eventually realized in the country of Pakistan. He was knighted in 1922.

Manchuria

2004-12-21T03:10:00.000-08:00

Prior to the 17th century, the history of Manchuria was shaped by three converging ethnic groups: the Chinese, the people collectively known as the Tungus, and the Mongols and Proto-Mongols. The Tungus (from which several groups emerged) were forest and plain dwellers who had a mixed economy of primitive agriculture, fishing, hunting, and livestock breeding. Those in Manchuria

Hydrologic Sciences, Groundwater

2004-12-18T21:34:00.000-08:00

Some rocks allow little or no water to flow through; these are known as impermeable rocks, or aquicludes. Others are permeable and allow considerable storage of water and act as major sources of water supply; these are known as aquifers. Aquifers overlain by an impermeable layer are called confined aquifers; aquifers overlain by an unsaturated, or vadose, zone of permeable

Andersonville

2004-12-17T06:09:00.000-08:00

In the summer of 1863 the U.S. federal authorities ended an agreement

Clair, René

2004-12-15T10:06:00.000-08:00

Clair was raised

Biblical Literature, Major themes and characteristics

2004-12-13T22:10:00.000-08:00

The great biblical themes are about God, his revealed works of creation, provision, judgment, deliverance,

Frederick Ii

2004-12-10T21:33:00.000-08:00

After joining his uncles John and Adolphus, dukes of

Cumberland Narrows

2004-12-09T20:00:00.000-08:00

Scenic gorge 1,000 feet (305 metres) deep in Allegany county, northwestern Maryland, U.S., just northwest of Cumberland city. Cut by Wills Creek, it provides a natural east-west gateway, located between Wills and Haystack mountains, across the Allegheny Mountains. The gap, which was initially an Indian footpath, was discovered in 1755 by a vanguard unit of British and colonial troops

Ramayana

2004-12-06T23:42:00.000-08:00

The poem describes the royal birth of Rama in the kingdom of Ayodhya (Oudh), his tutelage

Tammany Hall

2004-12-04T19:23:00.000-08:00

Also called Tammany, the executive committee of the Democratic Party in New York City historically exercising political control through the typical boss-ist blend of charity and patronage. The name was derived from a pre-Revolutionary association named after Tammanend, a wise and benevolent Delaware Indian chief. When Tammany was organized in New York in 1789, it represented middle-class